Thalassemia is a genetic disorder occurs as a result of the imbalance in the construction of haemoglobin chains cause haemolytic anaemia. This study was aimed to evaluate the serum level of immunological parameters (Transforming growth factor beta1, Interleukin-23) and hematological parameters in patients with alpha and beta thalassemia at Kerbala province. And was conducted at Kerbala Children’s Hospital / Thalassemia Department / Kerbala Governorate during the period from November 2017 to May 2018. Seventy patients involved 48 beta thalassemia patients and 22 alpha thalassemia patients with age ranged 10-20 years old and ten matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Result exposed non-significant increase (p>0.05) in IL-23 and TGF-b in thalassemia patients compared with control group. In b-thalassemia patients the results of the current study indicated that non-significant positive correlation between IL-23 with WBC, there was non-significant positive correlation between TGF-β1 with WBC and PLT. As for β-thalassemia patients the present study showed non-significant positive correlation between IL-23 with Hb and WBC, and there was non-significant positive correlation between TGF-β1 with WBC. The study showed changes in the immunological parameters in patients with thalassemia of both types, as the serum level of both IL-23 and TGF-b1 were raised in addition to changes in hematological and Biochemical parameters.