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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
    xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.12.3.28</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Molecular Identification of Fungal Populations in Polyherbal Medicines used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Famewo</surname>
                        <given-names>Elizabeth Bosede</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Afolayan</surname>
                        <given-names>Anthony Jide</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
                		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
            <aff id="aff-1">Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Niche Area, Faculty of
Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.</aff>
	 
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-09-30">
                <day>30</day>
                <month>09</month>
                <year>2018</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>12</volume>
            <issue>3</issue>
            <fpage>1267</fpage>
            <lpage>1275</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2018 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/molecular-identification-of-fungal-populations-in-polyherbal-medicines-used-for-the-treatment-of-tuberculosis/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The traditional systems of medicine have significantly become more accepted in the
developed and developing countries due to their curative property, less toxicity and minimal
side effects. However, several studies have shown that they are associated with microbial
contaminants. This study aimed at identifying fungi in nine polyherbal medicines used for the
treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Sequences of fungi DNA that
encodes internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were retrieved from the remedies. The ITS
region of the fungal rRNA operon was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The amplicons
were visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by end repair and adaptor ligation.
They were further purified and quantified using Library Preparation kit NEBNext® UltraT DNA
Library Prep Kit for Illumina and run on Illumina’s MiSeq platform. The study revealed that
the polyherbal medicines are contaminated with fungi species. The predominant mycoflora
obtained belongs to different genera or species of fungi. They include Aspergillus, Penicillium,
Alternaria, Candida, Ramularia, Cladosporium and Malassezia among others. Some of these
organisms are capable of causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Thus, the study
identified various fungal contaminants in polyherbal remedies sold to tuberculosis patients in
five communities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
		</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Fungi</kwd>
        <kwd>ITS region</kwd>
			<kwd>Polyherbal medicines</kwd>
			<kwd>Public health</kwd>
			<kwd>Tuberculosis</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
