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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.11.3.07</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Impact of Hygiene Intervention Practices on Microbial Load in Raw Milk</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Lee</surname>
                        <given-names>Hai Yen</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Loong</surname>
                        <given-names>Shih Keng</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Khoo</surname>
                        <given-names>Jing Jing</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Lim</surname>
                        <given-names>Fang Shiang</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Chai</surname>
                        <given-names>Lay Ching</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Suntharalingam</surname>
                        <given-names>Chubashini</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Sivalingam</surname>
                        <given-names>Jeyabalan</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>AbuBakar</surname>
                        <given-names>Sazaly</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
                		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
            <aff id="aff-1">Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-2">Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-3">Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-4">Economics and Social Science Research Centre, Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-5">MaxVet Enterprise, 19 GF, Jalan BB 1/5, Taman Banting Baru, 42700 Banting, Selangor Darul Ehsan.</aff>
	 
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-30">
                <day>30</day>
                <month>09</month>
                <year>2017</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>11</volume>
            <issue>3</issue>
            <fpage>1281</fpage>
            <lpage>1286</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2017 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/impact-of-hygiene-intervention-practices-on-microbial-load-in-raw-milk/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>An intervention program was designed to show local dairy farmers on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) to improve the quality of milk produced by the farms. In this current study, sampling of milk and environmental samples were collected pre- and post-intervention program. Analysis of milk quality was done at field to show the microbiological laboratory procedures to the farmers on determination of milk quality. Findings showed a reduction of up to 40% log reduction in the fresh milk sample. Analysis of the environmental samples were carried out using multiplex MPN-PCR method to quantify and detect up to five species of bacteria in milk. Finding showed the persistence of Salmonella paratyphi contaminating the milking equipment pre- and post-intervention program. The intervention program will be further improved according to data and findings from this study to be implemented at other farms in the future.
		</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Milk zoonoses</kwd>
        <kwd>food safety</kwd>
			<kwd>hygiene</kwd>
			<kwd>dairy farms</kwd>
			<kwd>exposure assessment</kwd>
			<kwd>Malaysia</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
