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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.11.1.76</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Effectiveness Measurement of Bio-agents and Botanicals against Pyricularia oryzae</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kumar</surname>
                        <given-names>Vipul</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Kumar</surname>
                        <given-names>Adesh</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Paratap Singh</surname>
                        <given-names>Vinit</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Tomar</surname>
                        <given-names>Ajay</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
                		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
            <aff id="aff-1">Lovely professional University Phagwara Punjab, India.</aff>
	 
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-03-30">
                <day>30</day>
                <month>03</month>
                <year>2017</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>11</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>585</fpage>
            <lpage>592</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2017 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/effectiveness-measurement-of-bio-agents-and-botanicals-against-pyricularia-oryzae/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>Rice is an important crop, widely affected by blast; a devastating disease incited
by Pyricularia oryzae. Rice blast caused by P. oryzae Cave continues to be a major constraint
in rice production. Since, the existing chemical control measures being costly and may
favor development of resistance in pathogens, the potential alternative methods have
been explored in the present studies. The biological method; an ecofriendly and economic
approach seems to be an alternative to chemotherapy in managing virulent strains like P.
oryzae causing blast of rice. Biocontrol agents Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum,
Pseudomonas fluorescens and botanicals; neem oil and neem oil + neem leaf extract
(Azadirachta indica) were evaluated for their efficacy against blast in Pusa Basmati
1121; a high yielding variety of rice. Carbendazim was used for standard check fungicides
for comparison. The result concludes that T. viride is best bio-control (24.53%) which
was followed by T. harzianum (23.08%), neem oil (26.20%) and neem oil + neem leaf
extract (24.15%) inhibit the blast respectively while P. fluorescens inhibit the blast
(21.99%) as compared to treated and untreated control (18.57% and 34.15 %, respectively).
		</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Rice</kwd>
        <kwd>Pyricularia oryzae</kwd>
			<kwd>biocontrol; botanicals</kwd>
			<kwd>Trichoderma viride</kwd>
			<kwd>T. harzianum</kwd>
			<kwd>Pseudomonas fluorescens</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
