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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.10.4.04</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Effects of Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp. Starter on
Fermentation of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Beans and
Its Antibacterial Activity</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mat</surname>
                        <given-names>S.A.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Daud</surname>
                        <given-names>I.S. Mohd</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rojie</surname>
                        <given-names>M.H. Mohamad</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Hussain</surname>
                        <given-names>N.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Rukayadi</surname>
                        <given-names>Y.</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
                		
            </contrib-group>
			
			
            <aff id="aff-1">Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.</aff>
			<aff id="aff-1">Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.</aff>
	 
			
			
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-30">
                <day>30</day>
                <month>12</month>
                <year>2016</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>10</volume>
            <issue>4</issue>
            <fpage>2501</fpage>
            <lpage>2510</lpage>
            <permissions>
                <copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2016 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                <license license-type="open-access"
                    xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
                    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.<uri 
					xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
                            >https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri></license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/effects-of-candida-sp-and-blastobotrys-sp-starter-on-fermentation-of-cocoa-theobroma-cacao-l-beans-and-its-antibacterial-aactivity/"/>
            <abstract>
                <p>The effects of Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp. starters on fermentation of
cocoa beans were studied to determine the potential antibacterial activity of its extracts
against foodborne pathogens. The fermentations of cacao beans using Candida sp. and
Blastobotrys sp. were conducted for seven days. The observed parameters including pH
and temperature monitoring during fermentation, detected active compounds, and invitro
antibacterial activity against several foodborne pathogens at on sampling day 0, 3
and 7. Spontaneous fermentation (without starter culture added) was used as control.
The pH during fermentation increased from pH 3.00 to 7.97, pH 3.00 to 7.68, and pH 3.00
to 7.54 for spontaneous, Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp. fermentation respectively. The
temperatures of fermentation ranged from 28oC to 33oC, 28oC to 32oC, and 28oC to 32oC for
fermentation by spontaneous, Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp., respectively. Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed several active compounds
including caffeine, theobromine, gamma-tocopherol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterols in
all three fermentations. Caffeine content was the highest (74.59%) in control fermentation
in earlier process. Theobromine content was higher for control fermentation compared to
other Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp. fermentation. Generally, gamma-tocopherol,
stigmasterol and beta-sitosterols contents declined in the middle of the fermentation
period but increased again towards the end. Fermented cocoa beans extract exhibited
antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritica, and Staphylococcus
aureus. However, the extracts did not show any antibacterial activity against Listeria
monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In summary, the addition of starter
cultures namely Candida sp. and Blastobotrys sp. in fermentation of cocoa beans able to
trigger off the active compounds and show potent antibacterial activity against several
foodborne pathogens.
		</p>
		</abstract>
		<kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Blastobotrys sp.</kwd>
        <kwd>Candida sp.</kwd>
			<kwd>Theobroma cacao L</kwd>
			<kwd>cocoa beans</kwd>
			<kwd>fermentation</kwd>
			<kwd>foodborne pathogens</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    </article>
