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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en"
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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">0973-7510</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="epub">2581-690X</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>DR. M.N. Khan</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22207/JPAM.13.1.21</article-id>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
		<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Shazli Abdel Azim</surname>
                        <given-names>Nahla </given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
 
                </contrib>
                		<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>bdullah Al-Harbi</surname>
                        <given-names>Maha A</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
                		<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Ibrahim Al-Zaban</surname>
                        <given-names>Mayasar </given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
                </contrib>
                		<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Youssef Nofal</surname>
                        <given-names>Marwa </given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
                </contrib>
                		<contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <name>
                        <surname>Mohammed Somily</surname>
                        <given-names>Ali </given-names>
                    </name>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
                </contrib>	                 		   
            </contrib-group>
            <aff id="aff-1">Biology Department, College of Science Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. </aff>
            <aff id="aff-2">Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. </aff>
            <aff id="aff-3">Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</aff>
       <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-03-28">
                <day>28</day>
                <month>03</month>
                <year>2019</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>13</volume>
            <issue>1</issue>
            <fpage>201</fpage>
            <lpage>208</lpage>
           <permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019 The Author(s)</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
<uri xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</uri>
</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microbiologyjournal.org/prevalence-and-antibiotic-susceptibility-among-gram-negative-bacteria-isolated-from-intensive-care-units-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia/"/>
<abstract>
<p>Antibiotic resistance is an essential issue mostly in the intensive care units (ICUs). The Goal of this study was to investigate the widespread of multidrug resistance (MDR) gram-negative bacterial pathogens isolated from ICUs at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, KSA, and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL enzymes. All organisms were isolated from  different ICUs at (KKUH) between June to December 2016. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were committed according to the laboratory policy. The bacterial Isolates flagged as ESBL or MBL by Vitek 2 were confirmed using E-test method recommended by CLSI. 70 isolates from different body sites comprising 25 (35.7 %) were P. aeruginosa, 23 (32.9 % ) were K. pneumoniae, 16 (22.9%) were E. coli, and 6 (8.6 %) were A. baumannii. Among the 23 isolates K. pneumonia and 16 of E. coli, 19 (82.6%) and 16 (100%) were detected as ESBL (+) by double-disk diffusion method according to guidelines of CLSI. On the contrary,  ESBL was not detected in any isolates of P. aeruginosa or in A. baumannii. All P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates were carbapenem resistant. MBL was found in all P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and 4 (17.4 %) of K. pneumonia where E. coli strains did not appear any MBL action. The essential resistance mechanisms in the evaluated strains were ESBL and MBL. Molecular testing is recommended to confirm the phenotypic results and to detect the resistant genes.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>MDR gram negative bacteria</kwd>
<kwd>P. aeruginosa</kwd>
<kwd>K. pneumoniae</kwd>
<kwd>E. coli</kwd>
<kwd>A. baumannii</kwd>
<kwd>ESBL</kwd>
<kwd>MBL</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>