ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Review Article | Open Access

Amad A. El Marghani1* , Khaled A. Algariri2 and P.M. Ridzuan3

1Department of Biomedicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), University Drive, off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
2Department of Biochemistry, International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), University Drive, off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
3Department of Microbiology, International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), University Drive, off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
J Pure Appl Microbiol, 2019, 13 (1): 167-178 | Article Number: 5358

https://dx.doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.13.1.17 | © The Author(s). 2019 

Received: 11/11/2018| Accepted: 20/12/2018 |Published: 20/02/2019
Abstract

The emergence and evolution of superbugs is among the greatest challenges to public health worldwide recently. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics considered as one of greatest hits of this century. There are different antibiotic resistant strains that range for infection from mild to severe cases and tonsillitis is one among of many bacterial diseases that have high incidence globally. Half of tonsillitis cases are bacterial and those mainly caused by group-A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) bacteria which had developed its resistance against commonly used antibiotics, mainly penicillin and macrolids. Currently, however, there are considerable attempts to tackle the issue despite they are still far away from promised settlement. Focusing on testing and evaluating of herbal therapies will be of great value in finding of potent alternative medicine to face resistant bacterial infections and to provide sufficient therapeutic agent to disband the problem. Hence the necessity to develop novel therapeutics to replace conventional antibiotics will likely play a key role to fix the issue. This article concentrate on review of ineffective antibiotic therapy including some of its impacts and describes possibility to use Saussurea lappa (S. Lappa) plant as an effective herbal plant to treat resistant bacterial acute tonsillitis cases.

Keywords

Bacterial resistance, b-hemolytic streptococci bacteria, Broad spectrum activity, Saussurea lappa, Tonsillitis.

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© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.