In view of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under five year children in developed and developing countries, the present study was undertaken in the Infosys Pediatric Department, Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa to find out the etiological agent and a prospective for management of childhood pneumonia by suitable antibiotics. 1 00 cases were analyzed with a suspected upper respiratory track infection out of which 60 were diagnosed as confirmed pneumonia. Forty healthy children, with the same age group, were also included as control in this study. Most of the isolates belong to gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli. The gram positive cocci were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and some coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Like Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The predominant gram negative bacilli were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quinolone and cephalosporin were found to be effective against gram positive cocci during antibiogram study and aminoglycoside and carbapenem were effective against gram negative bacilli. The present study has identified various etiological agents responsible for causing pediatric pneumonia and the treatment for pneumonia using different antibiotics.