Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) poses a significant healthcare challenge worldwide because of its role in bloodstream infections, wound infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. A particularly concerning trait is its ability to develop multidrug-resistance and its unique capacity to endure extreme conditions that other microorganisms cannot withstand. This review delves into the microbiology of Acinetobacter spp., exploring their characteristics, molecular classification, and mechanisms of carbapenem-resistance, including the production of carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases (notably Oxacillinase (OXA-type), efflux pump activity, alterations in porin channels, and horizontal gene transfer. This paper emphasizes the rapid global dissemination of Acinetobacter spp. due to antibiotic misuse and improper treatment methods. Research also reveals that treatment options for these infections are severely limited, necessitating the development of new and innovative treatment strategies. To curb the spread of Acinetobacter spp., there is a pressing need to focus on advancements in diagnostics, control measures, antimicrobial stewardship programs, and new therapies such as vaccines and phage therapy. It is crucial to enhance disease diagnostics, invest in research and development of effective new drugs, and collaborate internationally to share knowledge about CRAB.