ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Furkan Balci1,2, Gulsah Adiguzel2 and Bilal Yilmaz3
1Food Control Laboratory Directorate, Rize, Turkiye.
2Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye.
3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye.
Article Number: 11029 | © The Author(s). 2025
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2025;19(4):3186-3196. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.4.59
Received: 07 October 2025 | Accepted: 08 November 2025 | Published online: 08 December 2025
Issue online: December 2025
Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the microbiological and chemical properties, as well as the biogenic amine contents, of tulum (Erzincan), kashar, and golot cheeses. A total of 90 cheese samples, consisting of 30 samples from each cheese type, were analyzed. The microbiological results indicated that golot cheese exhibited higher yeast and mold counts compared to the other cheese types. Chemical analyses showed that golot cheese had lower fat but higher moisture and protein levels. Biogenic amine concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the total biogenic amine content was found to be higher in tulum cheese than in the other cheese types. However, the levels of biogenic amines detected in all cheese samples remained within acceptable safety limits. Overall, this study provides the first comprehensive data on the biogenic amine content of golot cheese, highlighting that production and ripening conditions play a crucial role in microbial load and biogenic amine formation in traditional cheeses.

Keywords

Cheese, Kashar, Tulum, Golot, Microbiological and Chemical Properties, Biogenic Amines

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© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.