ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
A. Linsha Mali and Biljo V. Joseph
Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Article Number: 10637 | © The Author(s). 2025
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2025;19(4):3011-3021. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.4.43
Received: 27 May 2025 | Accepted: 15 August 2025 | Published online: 04 December 2025
Issue online: December 2025
Abstract

Blood is a body fluid. When it contacts oxygen, it can clot, forming a dark solid substance. In accidents involving wounds, blood is released and can stain clothing when absorbed by fabrics. Removing blood stains from fabrics is challenging with various commercial detergents. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of commercially available detergent powder supplemented with amylase and protease enzymes in removing bloodstains from textiles. Stutzerimonas xanthomarina and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes were isolated from soil and examined for their enzymatic activity. The results demonstrated that these enzymes can effectively remove bloodstains from cotton fabric, with maximum activity observed at 50% saturation with ammonium sulfate and specific activity of protease at 93.45 ± 2.17 U/mg and amylase at 36.28 ± 1.36 U/mg. This study suggests that the addition of enzymes to chemical detergents can enhance their surface impact and improve their effectiveness. These findings indicate a potential for the development of more efficient detergents.

Keywords

Blood Stain, Protease, Amylase, Crude Enzyme, Detergent Powder

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© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.