ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Fajar Nur Hamzah1, Abrar Ahmad1 , Mazin A. Zamzami1, Salwa Al-Thawadi2, Anas A. Althagafi3, Ramadan H. Abu-Zied3, Hisham N. Altayb1, Mustafa A. Zeyadi1, Abdulrahman Abdullah Alduraywish1, Naif Abdulaziz Altuwayjiri1 and Rakan Majed Albawardi1
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakir, Kingdom of Bahrain.
3Department of Marine Geology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Article Number: 10195 | © The Author(s). 2025
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2025;19(2):1283-1296. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.2.30
Received: 01 January 2025 | Accepted: 27 April 2025 | Published online: 23 May 2025
Issue online: June 2025
Abstract

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria highlights the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. In this study, Bacillus species were isolated from mangrove sediments along the Red Sea coast in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 30 isolates were screened for antibacterial activity against four MDR pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eleven isolates designated JRSM (Jeddah Red Sea Mangrove) 1 to 11, demonstrated inhibitory effects, and four strains (JRSM 4, 6, 7, and 9) were selected for further investigation. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays confirmed their antimicrobial potential, particularly against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the strains such as Bacillus mesophilus, Bacillus xiamenensis, Bacillus halotolerans, and Bacillus subtilis. All strains were Gram-positive and catalase-positive. These findings highlight the Red Sea mangrove sediments as a promising source of Bacillus spp. with potential applications in combating MDR and biofilm-associated infections. Further research is needed to optimize metabolite production and characterize the active compounds responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity.

Keywords

Red Sea, Jeddah, Mangrove Sediments, Bacillus spp., Antimicrobial Activity, Antibiofilm, Multidrug-resistant Bacteria

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