ISSN: 0973-7510

E-ISSN: 2581-690X

Research Article | Open Access
Naila Amjad1, Rzgar Farooq Rashid2, Raheela Sultana1, Faiza Zubair3, Naila Riaz3, Muhammad Usman1 , Humaira Zulfiqar Ali Gondal1, Tooba Sarwar Rana1 and Awais Masud4
1Department of Zoology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha campus, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq.
3Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
4Government Paravet School Rakh Ghulaman, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan.
Article Number: 10152 | © The Author(s). 2025
J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2025;19(2):1195-1203. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.19.2.23
Received: 13 December 2024 | Accepted: 04 March 2025 | Published online: 21 May 2025
Issue online: June 2025
Abstract

Plant extracts are now being used to improve animals’ hematological activity, biochemistry, and immunology. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of Ziziphus nummularia against E. coli bacteria, which causes bovine mastitis in cattle. In this study, the experimental animals were divided into four groups. The control group (Group 0) was fed a normal diet throughout the experiment. In contrast, Groups 1, 2, and 3 received 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g of Ziziphus nummularia with their normal diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, hematological parameters showed significant differences in the experimental groups. Biochemical parameters had significant differences in creatinine, ALT, and bilirubin; however, albumin values were moderately significant. The antimicrobial activity of Ziziphus nummularia extract was also assessed at different dilutions (0.6 ml, 0.8 ml, and 1 ml), with the 1 ml dilution showing a larger zone of inhibition compared to the others. Analysis of somatic cell count in milk revealed that Groups 2 and 3 showed a significant decrease compared to the control and Group 1. Therefore, incorporating Ziziphus nummularia into the regular diet of dairy animals is recommended to boost immunity against diseases like bovine mastitis, enabling farmers to manage mastitis effectively and enhance milk production in dairy cattle.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Activity, Biochemical Parameters, Bovine Mastitis, E. coli, Haematological, Somatic Cell Count, Ziziphus nummularia

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© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.