Microbes proved to be the significant biotic factors that influence the health of humans. Gut microbiota remains an emerging field for understanding different aspects of microbiology, immunology, computational biology and food and nutrient supplementation studies. The human microbiome project provides a thread in the path of microbe association with humans. This review will discuss how their study was taken last year on human microbiome discovery for human health. Thus, the microbiome could be deliberated as target for treating various disorders. Despite some limitations, interventions in this field of study appear encouraging for emerging a preventive therapy by restoring microbiome functionality or as an adjuvant in specific immunotherapy. Manipulation of the gut microbiota in various disorders is assessed by examining the current most relevant evidence concerning to antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review discusses the impact of gut microbiota on health and their manifestation by focusing on vital mechanisms.